Competitive Rivalry

Serious Rivalry * Industry strength by hardly any huge firms The vehicle car industry - There are different rivals in this market yet the prevailing ones incorporate General Motors, Volkswagen, Chrysler, Ford, and Honda and so forth. Passage boundaries forestall different contestants and valuing is generally by rivalry and common comprehension between top makers. * Huge arrangement cost and complete asset proprietorship * Prices stay stable if aâ firm diminishes item cost others go with the same pattern and chop down their cost too,  if a firm expands item cost, others don't build their cost. oyota concentrating on constantly discovering approaches to lessen creation costs. The organization additionally upgraded its procedures to quicken the different periods of creation †from introductory plan to creation †so it could present new models quicker than its rivals. Look for more affordable approaches to create alluring items - BMW Group and the Toyota Motor Corporation repo rted a community exertion planned for growing new items and progressed powertrain advancements. Toyota additionally has a concurrence with Ford to create mixture frameworks for light trucks and game utility vehicles. Danger of substitute items * There are a great deal of substitutes in the car business. At the point when the cost of the vehicles rises, the substitutes will rise, there are numerous kinds of hardware that can replace vehicles, such transport, metro, bike and in any event, strolling. The Hybrid Synergy Drive additionally should be assessed utilizing Porter's model factor for danger of substitute products.Other organizations might enter the crossover advertise by building up a comparative drive and killing Toyota's bit of leeway. Actually, Nissan and Honda have created comparative innovations for their car models. Be that as it may, Toyota keeps on ruling the market for mixture vehicles on the grounds that Honda and Nissan don't significantly affect the market yet. Late r on, Toyota may lose their upper hand if half and half vehicles take a greater piece of the pie in the car industry.However, at present Toyota is including Sport Utility Vehicles (Toyota Highlander) to their line of vehicles utilizing the HSD. By being the first to add SUV's to the half breed showcase, they have right now shielded their upper hand from substitute items. Haggling intensity of Suppliers Toyota Production System which built up a system of providers who might gracefully the correct quality, amount at a point in the nick of time for Toyota to use in building its vehicles. This considers frail dealing power the piece of the providers as far as our model.

Introduction Of Information And Communication Technologies Commerce Essay

Presentation Of Information And Communication Technologies Commerce Essay In this period of modernisation, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) assume a fundamental job in organizations and firms everything being equal. The term ICT has advanced and developed to incorporate numerous parts of figuring and innovation, and has without a doubt gotten truly recognizable. In this paper, the manners by which the presentation of ICT influences power relations in the working environment will be talked about. Initial, a meaning of the expressions ICT and force relations in the working environment will be given. In what follows, I will set up the specific impacts that ICT straightforwardly brings to the work environment in particular observation, a change to association structure, expanded correspondence just as how it abilities and deskills laborers. Clarification on how these impacts therefore influence power relations in the working environment will at that point be given. The Information Technology Association of America characterizes ICT as the examination, structure, advancement, execution, backing or the executives of PC based data frameworks, especially programming applications and PC equipment. ICT includes changing over, securing, moving, keeping and getting data. This is totally finished with the guide of PCs and programming. Then again, power alludes to the capacity to decipher impact or have any kind of effect. The activities of one individual influence that of another. As indicated by Foucault (1988), inside the field of intensity relations, what one individual does influences a second, which influences a third, etc. The attribute of intensity relations is that, as operators in the structure, a few men can pretty much decide different mens lead, however never thoroughly (David Owen, 1994). Force relations encourage all the procedures, the systems, the components, each one of those methods by which a choice is acknowledged and by which that choice couldn't however be taken in the manner it was. Foucault proceeds to state that Power relations are numerous; they have various structures, they can be in play in family relations, or inside an establishment, or an organization or between a commanding and a ruled class. In this paper, it tends to be summed up that power relations in the working environment imp lies the capacity to influence how others inside the working environment accomplish work. Observation The presentation of Scientific Management, otherwise called Taylorism saw a period where chiefs strived for command over laborers. The acquaintance of ICT with the working environment has permitted supervisors to rehearse strategies for specialist reconnaissance that have never been seen. ICT has enabled supervisors to pry on their staff by doing things like keystroke tallying, tuning in on telephone discussions (to screen nature of administration gave by staff), call bookkeeping (enlisting data about the time, span, goal and cost of calls), section and leave controls utilizing savvy cards (which give data on staff whereabouts), electronic sales registers and item filtering frameworks (gives subtleties on who handles what stock, volume dealt with and how proficiently), the perusing of electronic mail and the utilization of camcorders for video observation (After ILO, 1993, pp. 12 13). Previously, directors were just ready to screen the presentation of entire offices by checking things like amount and nature of items delivered. Be that as it may, new data innovations have empowered managers to accumulate exceptionally definite execution related information with respect to the work as well as every individual specialist itself. This should now be possible on a moment by minute premise and frequently without the worker staying alert (Gandy, 1993; Lyon, 1994). The data accumulated by supervisors is more often than not too overpowering to even consider going through rigidly. Force relations become important when this immense data about laborer execution is gathered. This is on the grounds that administrators should now choose if or how to utilize the data assembled on specialist execution. Because of the monetary requests to turn out to be increasingly effective and progressively beneficial, administrators are compelled to utilize the current data to ideally improve execution and effectiveness of laborers (Susan Bryant, 1995). Chiefs or bosses will have the option to make courses of move dependent on the specialist execution data. For example, criticizing singular representatives for dreary execution or changing standard working strategies. One of the reactions of this is it legitimizes choices to additionally heighten specialist reconnaissance to assist benefit and effectiveness. Present day observation in the work environment can be designed according to Jeremy Benthams Panopticon the jail complex planned whereby jail gatekeepers would have the option to watch detainees without being viewed back (Zuboff, 1988). All things considered working environment observation utilizing ICT contrasts from Benthams Panopticon since laborers are sure that they are being observed constantly. The consistent perceivability and strangeness that representatives experience through working environment reconnaissance may have noteworthy positive ramifications in transit they work (Zuboff, 1988, p. 321). A marvel that Zuboff alludes to as expectant similarity frequently happens as a result of the insignificant presence of observation. Since laborers know they are reliably being watched, a culture of self-restraint will in general occur to decrease the danger of undesirable disclosure. This is intriguing on the grounds that it permits change in the manner laborers work without the executives making additional move. This laborer self-control demonstrates Foucaults contention (1979) that at some point or another, people become bearers of their own observation. (Lyon, 1994, pg. 133) Even if laborers dont eagerly self-restraint themselves, all things considered, in light of the promptly accessible framework produced data about every others execution, peer reconnaissance and intercession will get to them before the executives mediation will (Laabs, 1992; Lyon, 1994). As representatives become increasingly more familiar with reconnaissance techniques, representatives might have the option t o pull off doing less by working around existing frameworks to evade discovery. Be that as it may, such events are esteemed to be more averse to happen contrasted with patterns of congruity (Zuboff, 1988). It might likewise be contended that observation urges laborers to work more enthusiastically and to turn out to be progressively gainful as their endeavors are presently more effectively perceived by the executives. This implies singular specialists are bound to be compensated for investing additional exertion. Moreover, representatives are less inclined to be put to blame for the wrongs of others. This marvel likewise happens consequently as a result of the presence of reconnaissance in the work environment with no immediate intercession from the board (Zuboff, 1988). The last two focuses show how the presence of ICT in the working environment (which considers specialist reconnaissance) may take into account the executives to loosen up command over laborers and simultaneously expect positive returns while applying less power or force in the work environment. Correspondence and Organization Structure The presentation of ICT has permitted us to collaborate at practically same speeds merely seconds whether or not we are a couple of meters or a couple of miles from each other. In the previous two decades following the introduction of utilities like email and ultra quick web associations, the working environment has encountered a huge change in working methods and structure because of this progression in correspondence capacities. Firms are presently ready to work on a transnational premise. Chiefs from firms can work from their nations of origin without bringing about the money related, physical and opportunity cost of leaving their nation of origin (or possibly less frequently). The capacity to convey over separations and at such incredible speed has permitted administrators to run things a large number of miles away consistently. The intricacy of a firm may transform from that of vertically complex to on a level plane complex because of the capacity of directors on the chain of importance to speak with more individuals at a more noteworthy simplicity. The requirement for additional layers of pecking order to appoint errands becomes superfluous as a result of better correspondence innovation. Laborers at the lower end/base of pecking order may think that its simpler to test out thoughts in light of the fact that there might be less formality to experience before their thought can be proposed. Then again, CEOs may find that directions are passed on to their subordinates all the more unmistakably and adequately in light of the fact that these guidelines need not be given to an excessive number of levels of the board before it arrives at everybody. The capacity to speak with ICT may likewise influence the centralization of a firm. An incorporated firm is one where choices in the association are aggregated at a certain point. The presentation of ICT will turn into an impetus to the decentralization of a firm (John Bratton, 2007). With ICT, it is a lot simpler for senior administration to request data and thoughts from laborers down the pecking order. This is on the grounds that, as referenced, the methods for correspondence make passing on and requesting a thought a lot more straightforward than previously. Preceding this, a physical gathering with significant level administration would be expected to try out a thought; which implies that it would for all intents and purposes be inconceivable for a low position specialist to contribute any plans to the firm. With the improved capacity to discuss among laborers and the executives, senior administration may be happy to give more dynamic independence to laborers since their informa tion would be increasingly available. This majorly affects power relations in a firm since correspondence may consider control to be loose as dynamic info may originate from the two sides of the pecking order. Having said that, the broad utilization of email and electronic correspondence in the work environment implies individuals sometimes ever need to meet (Argyll and Cook, 1976). Not truly meeting removes the capacity to break down the individual develop of others (Adam Webber, 1981). Individual build

Send Email To All Registered Users [WORDPRESS]

Send Email To All Registered Users [WORDPRESS] Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Send Email To All Registered Users [WORDPRESS]Updated On 20/04/2018Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : WordPressShort URL : http://hbb.me/2ozccwk CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogIf you own a Multi-authored blog, then you would have faced the pain of sending emails to your contributors and editors individually. HBB boosts 500+ registered users and guest authors, and we use Email Users WordPress plugin to keep them updated about our privacy policy and guest blogging rules change.This plugin allows you to send an email to all the registered blog users. Users can send personal emails to each other. Power users can email groups of users and even notify group of users of posts.Below you can see the sample email, like how your contributors and editors will get.You can also use this plugin for affiliate marketing by sending tips and suggestions.[Download Email Users WordPress Plugi n]READ3 Things To Take Care When Optimizing Websites For Mobile Devices

Masters Prepared Nurse Interview - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1120 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2018/12/30 Category Nursing Essay Type Report Level High school Topics: Health Care Essay Did you like this example? Introduction In the healthcare department AG-ACNP profession has a responsibility to monitor to order to interpreted the diagnostic test as well as developing treatments plan aimed at stabilizing all patients maximizing their well being at the shortest time possible. I am having an objective of getting insight associated with the interplay in career path, education and managing time for someone who is starting MSN and specializing in AG-ACNP , I have decided to interview an Master of science in nursing prepared AG-ACNP a lady who is works at our hospital. I believe that upon getting the real world data and career guidance from the her, I will be prepared and equipped so as to make an expression of my passion preparing me for my journey as a nurse.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Masters Prepared Nurse Interview" essay for you Create order Overview of Career While he was in her final year pursuing bachelors degree in mass communication the interviewee was on an internship at the local T.V station. Her boyfriend was hospitalized and she was forced by the circumstances to go and take care of him while at hospital. What she can recall is the nurse advising her together with the family that the patient need care every minute. She in the real sense saw how the nurse was dedicated and could use most time just helping the patients and this transformed the interviewee. While she was leaving the health care center she had a new idea and thought of changing her career to something to do with healthcare. To begin her path she had to obtain a technician certificate of her Emergency room meaning that she could work as technician as she was doing her nursing. After that she went for prerequisites and got pre-specialty entry MSN program which was offered at India .She had to pursue this for 2 years so as to be familiar with prespeciality msn program which ushered in her National council license exam which could make har be a recognized as a registered nurse .After obtaining this she worked as ER RN .She got a degree in Pre specialty Entry MSN for a period of four year. Graduate Education The interviewee worked as ER RN for more four years it is during this time that she had recognized that many patients were coming to see the ER simply to get the primary health condition. Generally the patients looked aged but to her surprise many of them had no health insurance .Upon noting that she made another observation that inadequate hospitals and health care units as well as inadequate medical professionals and the population could not be adequately served.Now that the aged needed further and attention on a serious note she was it would be of great importance if she furthers her education to serve the population rather than keep being a nurse. This implied that she was to enroll for AG-ASCNP Post masters certificate program, she did this at Illinois where she learned about adult population gerontology population. It was offered together with Student ACNP in clinical components as it was providing hospital care in a complex way making it into a variety of acute ill patients . As she was working she completed the program in PMC in one and half years. Present Position After the interviewee completed the PMC for AG-ACNP she got her Americn Association of critical care Nurses AG-ACNP certificate by examination.Curently she works as a profession in AG-ACNP hospitalist providing comprehensively medical care to the acute ill gerontology individuals who need to be hospitalized.During her working time rangin from activities like admission and discharge of patients she work in a cooperative way together with ateam directing the coordination and mangemment of patients care. Based on her current job and rank the interviewee was describing the competencies obtained from Illinois University. AG-ACNP graduate is very fruitful in research, it involves steps such as to evaluates researches result, Identify problems and outcome of practices as well as application of the result in making decision.Having obtained the new information and knowledge fron reseache done the AG-ACNP is capable of providing good care initiating change and improving practices. Using ethical sound solution in the event of an issue that is complex could be named as another competency. The AG-ACNP graduate has got a very relevant skills that could make her use the principles, beliefs and personal values providing a framework used in nursing .The program gave her nursing frame work .she was again in a place to be exploring her values and analyzing the way the values have shaped his practices and influencing her decisions in making. To facilitate her ethical decision she conducted many desicions.Some sources were including ethics cometee, results of clinical research and ethical theories, legal status the sensitivity of the culture and scope of the ACNP. Pearls of Wisdom The core challenge that the interviwee has faced is that while sha was starting the graduate program she had challenge in time mangement.Because she could attend the school on fulltime program and could hacve to study for four days and to study and focus in completing the assignments to meet the deadline.In addition anothekind of advise she provided was that having a clear communication is important in this field.Again sharing the information about the school with the manger in her employed company in advance could show her responsibility.Similar to communincating with the shcoool administration in regard to work related ensuring that the graduate program is completed sucessfuly. Conclusion Generally through her graduate education the she got a lot of skills and knowledge aimed at helping her play larger role in healthcare and developing a good communication as well as positive attitude in capabilities to reviewing and using evidence basd in practicing the supporting of clinical decisions.our university MSN with AG-ACNP speciality is very fiting the positive outcoes of graduates.sincce tha learners are effective in communication,good in critical thinking and proefficient lin leadership. In accordance to AACN eductiuon the research and competency is crucial in research and ethic competency.I have acquired very new positive insights concerninnn g what is should be expecting from my interview,as therew will be amount of research understanding needed tip on how to nalance school and works as well as the icrucial need of getting the advance communication with school and employer.Through loking at difference sources of knowledge it is very clear that graduate education could help pushoing the bounderies of the students making them capable of learning from different knowledge sources like improving time manging and giving clear idea of what should be expected in graduate education as it is very helpful to the interviewer masters prepared nurse that is positioning similar toto chosen specility track.

The Horrors of Auschwitz - 986 Words

Auschwitz is considered by the most the most inhumane concentration camp in world war two. At the beginning of 1940, Auschwitz was created, and it was under the rules of the SS (Concentration Camp). Auschwitz was the largest concentration camp during World War II, where over a million people died. Jews were treated horribly, and many were gassed. Auschwitz was called a death camp, for many reasons which included the deportation and selection process, medical experiments, and gas chambers. Auschwitz was called the death camp. It was the largest concentration camp, and it had the largest prisoner population (Auschwitz). Nine out of ten prisoners in Auschwitz were Jewish (Auschwitz). Most prisoners that arrived at Auschwitz only survived for a few weeks, or months (Auschwitz). Jews died from starvation, medical experiments, gas chambers, diseases, and beatings. Jewish prisoners looked like walking skeletons because they were deprived from food, and water (Auschwitz). The prisoners, who were too weak to work, were sent to be killed in the gas chambers (Auschwitz). Some prisoners committed suicide by running into the electric fences (Auschwitz). Many people tried to escape, but only five hundred prisoners successfully escaped (Deem). It was nearly impossible to escape because the camp was surrounded by electrically charged barbed wire fences (Auschwitz). Auschwitz was also surrounded by SS guards equipped with machine guns (Auschwitz). Once the camp was liberated the SSShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Horrors of Auschwitz 1380 Words   |  6 Pagesinscribed above the Auschwitz concentration camp read; Arbeit Macht Frei,† meaning, â€Å"work brings freedom.† These deceiving words gave unsuspecting prisoners hope that they could get out of the most destructive concentration camp during the entire Holocaust. This concentration camp would kill over one million people. 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Just like what he mentioned in the short story, â€Å"There can be no beauty if it is paid for by human injustice, nor truth that passes over i njustice in silence, nor moral virtue that condones it.†, he is theRead MoreA Brief Note On Auschwitz And The Concentration Camp1097 Words   |  5 Pages27, 2017 Auschwitz Auschwitz, located in poland and originally used for political enemies, it s the biggest concentration camp run by the Nazi in World War two (Bachrach). Understanding, the daily life in Auschwitz, the medical experiment that took place in auschwitz, and the children s experiences in the camp will better enable us to learn more about this deathcamp.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Stay at auschwitz was usually brief and agonising(Bachrach).   As a reward of surviving the guling ride to auschwitz they   wereRead MoreWhat Really Happened in Auschwitz? Essay637 Words   |  3 PagesOther than prisoners being executed, what really happened in Auschwitz? 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Both the book, The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas written by John Boyne and the film, Life is Beautiful, directed by Robert Benigni, are based upon the real life events of the Holocaust but with a difference. They made clever use of differentRead MoreNight by Elie Wiesel646 Words   |  3 Pagesthrough Wiesel’s own experience, which influences his work Night. As a young boy, once dedicated to his religion and God, Wiesel experienced horrors awful enough to abandon his spirituality. Wiesel describes his first night in Auschwitz as a night â€Å"which murdered [his] God and [his] soul, and turned [his] dreams to dust (Wiesel 32). When he arrives in Auschwitz, a prisoner points to smokestacks and asks â€Å"what’s being burned there?† another prisoner answers â€Å"that’s where you’re going to die;† Eliezer

A. Urie Bronfenbrenner’S Ecological Systems Theory Looks

A. Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory looks at the development of a child as happening within an intricate system of relationships affected by various levels of their environment. Bronfenbrenner called his theory a bioecological model because the child’s biological attributes mesh with the environment to further development. There are 5 different systems that make up the child’s surrounding environment. The distinct systems are the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and the chronosystem. The microsystem is the first layer of the environment. It consists of the child’s immediate surroundings and the direct interactions involved within.†¦show more content†¦Some examples include the parents’ workplaces, religious institutions, and even any place they receive government help. Some more informal surroundings of the exosystem include the pare nts’ social networks such as friends and extended family who provide advice, assistance, and friendship to the parents. The fourth layer of the environment is the macrosystem. The macrosystem contains cultural values, customs, resources, and laws. The more the macrosystem prioritizes children’s needs, the more support they get at the more inner levels of the environment. It also works the other way around. For example, in countries that emphasize laws which give generous benefits to employed parents or even laws that prioritize a higher standard of education, children see more support and have more beneficial experiences in their immediate surroundings. The last system is the chronosystem. According to Bronfenbrenner, the environment is a dynamic influence on a child’s development . There are always new environmental conditions being created for the child. The timing of the ever-changing environment also matters in terms of the child’s circumstance and age at the time of environmental change. The chronosystem consists of temporal environmental changes andShow MoreRelatedRelations of Urie Bronfenbrenner the Ecological Systems Theory to the â€Å"Growing up in New Zealand† 1137 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopmental theory; and discuss its relevance in relation to findings from the â€Å"Growing up in New Zealand† study. I have chosen Urie Bronfenbrenner the Ecological Systems Theory. I will look at the findings of the Now We Are Born Report that has collated study cohort data from birth to 9 months old (Morton, Atatoa-Carr, Grant, Lee, Bandara, Mohal, Kinloch†¦et al 2012). I will discuss how two finding relate to Brofenbreener’s model. Urie Bronfenbrenner: Ecological System Theory Urie BronfenbrennerRead MoreUrie Bronfenbrenner and his Ecological Systems Theory Essay example1063 Words   |  5 Pagesto be better equipped to meet the needs of the children. 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With the individual positioned at the center of the model encompassed by these four (4) rings, each ring acts as a different context by dictating the way in which the individual behaves, developsRead MoreSocial Aspects of American Children Being Born in Poverty Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pagesin order to create a complete picture of the issues affecting children living in poverty, without neglecting the importance of the individual. One successful means of compromise was offered by Urie Bronfenbrenner in 1979, when he introduced the Ecological Model of child development. His model, which looks like a bulls-eye, has the child and his or her individual characteristics at its center. The first ring around the child is the microsystem, consisting of the childs immediate surroundingsRead MoreThe Primary Fo cus Of Educational Psychology765 Words   |  4 Pagesparticular are Urie Bronfenbrenner and John Bowlby. With either of their theories in mind, looking at the child as an individual is non-existent. Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecologial Theory describes development as an interaction between people, physical environment, and genetic make-up. It is a multi-dimensional model where interactions between the same and different levels attribute to a person’s physiological processes (Broderick Blewitt, 2015, pp. 18-19). â€Å"His ecological theory, and his abilityRead MoreThe Environment And Development Of Children1321 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment. It will address the cause(s) of Anna’s poor development, the effects it is having on her school performance and social skills, and the solution to Anna’s current and future state of development by using Urie Bronfenbrenner’s bio ecological theory, as well as John Bowlby’s attachment theory. The key to improving a child’s development is intervention, such as play therapy. It helps a child learn about themselves and their environment. 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There was a trigger in my life and a point in time that I knew I had to continue my education. The Ecological Social Theory has corresponding levels of environmental influences in relation to human

Propaganda In Elections Essay Example For Students

Propaganda In Elections Essay Propaganda In ElectionsHave you ever seen a TV commercial portraying a disastrous automobileaccident, and then you reminds you to wear your seatbealts?!?! Believe it or not,thats using a technique in propaganda called the fear appeal. Propaganda is more widespread than people picture. Propaganda is beingused for everything from the baby food you feed your child to the TV commercialyou laughed at yesterday night. There are many techniques that a propagandist can use to seduce you. Some of the best known styles in propaganda are Plain Folk, Fear, Name Calling,and Glittering Generality,In this years elections, propaganda has played an important role in whowas elected. This years presidential candidates were all millionaires, but theyhave gone to great lengths to present themselves as ordinary citizens. BillClinton eats at Mc Donalds and read a variety of spy novels. Bob Dole presentshimself as the all American boy from the Heartland. In this two examples theplain folk device is at work. When either presidential candidates agitates the publics fear ofimmigration, taxes, or crime and voting for him will reduce the threat he isusing the Fear Appeal. By playing on the publics deep-seated fears,practitioners of this technique hopes to redirect the merits of a proposal andtowards steps that can be taken to reduce the fear. Propaganda has had a tremendously powerful role in the history of theworld and in our own development. It has stirred both men and women tounprecedented feats and ruined reputations. What comes to mind when you think of a racist person? I imagine an angrywhite male with a Ku Kux Klan costume. I rarely think of the other racists, theAfrican-Americans, the Latino-Americans, the Asian-Americans and the rest ofwhom believe they are the superior race. Why do people as myself picture thisimage when we think of a racist person? Ill tell you so, its because we havebeen trained to make the presumption racist equals white male in kkk costume. Thats the Name Calling device at work! It links a person to a negative idea orsymbol. Glittering Generality is in short Name Calling in reverse, while theName Calling device ties a person to a negative idea, the Glittering Generalitytechnique makes us approve and except something without careful examination. Since war is especially distasteful, the military is of course full ofeuphemisms. In the 1940s the US changed the name of the War Department to theDepartment of Defense. During the Reagon Administration, the MX-Missile, anuclear weapon, was re-named The Peacekeeper. In conclusion, as Alfred Lee once said, Propaganda is opinionexpressed for the purpose of influencing actions of individuals or groups Propaganda thus differs fundamentally from scientific analysis. The propagandisttries to put something across, good or bad. The scientist does not try to putanything across; he devotes his life to the discovery of new facts andprinciples. The propagandist seldom wants careful scrutiny and criticism; hisobject is to bring about a specific action. The scientist, on the other hand, isalways prepared for and wants the most careful scrutiny and criticism of hisfacts and ideas. Science flourishes on criticism. Dangerous propaganda crumblesbefore it. THE ENDHistory

Martin Bormann Essays (2187 words) - SS-Obersturmbannfhrer

Martin Bormann On the night of October 15, 1946, ten of the twelve major war criminals, condemned to death at the Nuremberg trials, were executed. Of the two who eluded the hangman, one was ReichMarshal Hermann Goring, who committed suicide by swallowing a lethal vial of cyanide two hours before his execution. The other man was Reichsleiter Martin Bormann, who had managed to gain an enormous amount of power within the Nazi Party. He was virtually unknown outside of the Party elite as he had worked in the shadows of Hitler. As the end of the war drew near, many of the top Nazis were fleeing. Hermann Goring had fled west, and had been captured by American soldiers, after the death of Hitler had been announced. In Hitler's political will, Goring had been expelled from the party while Martin Bormann had been named Party Minister . According to Jochen Von Lang, Gobbels and Bormann had ?held a military briefing on the night of May 2, 1945. ? Gobbels had already decided to commit suicide but Bormann despe rately wanted to survive. The last entry into his diary was ?escape attempt! ? Martin Bormann's whereabouts after this night is unknown. There are many speculations as to his fate ranging from the probable to the spectacular. Reichsleiter Bormann who, according to A. Zoller, ?exercised absolute control over the whole structure of the Reich? and yet, virtually unknown to the public, was born June 17th, 1900. He was born in Saxon to a Postal Clerk. Bormann joined an anti-Semitic organization in 1920 and by 1923 he was a member of the Freikorps. During this period, he was imprisoned for a year for murder and one year after his release Bormann joined the Nazi Party as a financial administrator. By 1933 he had worked his way to being made a Reichsleiter, a General of the SS and the Chief of Staff to Rudolf Hess. When Hess took flight to England, Bormann gladly inherited his position and became Hitler's deputy. He had many enemies in the Party and Goring explained that even Goebbels feared him and his power . Bormann saw himself to be quite a noble character and in a letter to his wife dated April 2nd, 1945 he wrote that, ?if we are destined, like the Nebeliung, to perish in King Attila's hall, then we go to de ath proudly and with our heads held high.? For all his bravado, as the time to fight arrived, Bormann made a frantic attempt to survive. At the end of the war, the allied leaders decided to prosecute top Nazis as War Criminals in Nuremberg. As Martin Bormann was missing, it was decided that he would be tried in absentia. Although the allies had testimony stating that Bormann was dead, they ignored it because if ?Bormann at this point was to be declared dead by the court, and then to surface later on, die-hard Nazis would suspect that perhaps the Furher was alive too.? In order for allied credibility to remain intact, Bormann was to be tried for Crimes against Peace, War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity. Dr. Friedrich Bergold was appointed to this difficult task of defending a missing man. He considered it ?a miscarriage of justice for the Tribunal to try his client in absentia.? The International Tribunal sentenced Reichsleiter Martin Bormann to death. The night of May 1-2, 1945 is the last known whereabouts of Martin Bormann. The Reichsleiter was desperately trying to leave Berlin alive. He had tried to negotiate with the Russians for a brief cease-fire in order for him to obtain a safe passage through the enemy's lines. It had been rejected. The survivors in the Fuhrerbunker were attempting to escape the city and every twenty minutes a group left. Bormann emerged wearing an SS uniform without rank and a leather overcoat. His pocket contained a copy of Hitler's will, securing him to power. His group, that included Axmann, Kempka and Stumpfegger, arrived at the Friedrichstrasse Subway station but were held up at the Weidendammer Bridge. The Russians held the other side of the bridge and therefore made it impossible to cross without the cover of tanks. Miraculously, some German tiger tanks and a few armoured

Types of Chemical Reactions (With Examples)

Types of Chemical Reactions (With Examples) A chemical reaction is a process generally characterized by a chemical change in which the starting materials (reactants) are different from the products. Chemical reactions tend to involve the motion of electrons, leading to the formation and breaking of chemical bonds. There are several different types of chemical reactions and more than one way of classifying them. Here are some common reaction types:   Oxidation-Reduction or Redox Reaction In a redox reaction, the oxidation numbers of atoms are changed. Redox reactions may involve the transfer of electrons between chemical species.The reaction that occurs when In which I2 is reduced to I- and S2O32- (thiosulfate anion) is oxidized to S4O62- provides an example of a redox reaction:2 S2O32−(aq) I2(aq) → S4O62−(aq) 2 I−(aq) Direct Combination or Synthesis Reaction In a synthesis reaction, two or more chemical species combine to form a more complex product.A B → ABThe combination of iron and sulfur to form iron (II) sulfide is an example of a synthesis reaction:8 Fe S8 → 8 FeS Chemical Decomposition or Analysis Reaction In a decomposition reaction, a compound is broken into smaller chemical species.AB → A BThe electrolysis of water into oxygen and hydrogen gas is an example of a decomposition reaction:2 H2O → 2 H2 O2 Single Displacement or Substitution Reaction A substitution or single displacement reaction is characterized by one element being displaced from a compound by another element.A BC → AC BAn example of a substitution reaction occurs when zinc combines with hydrochloric acid. The zinc replaces the hydrogen:Zn 2 HCl → ZnCl2 H2 Metathesis or Double Displacement Reaction In a double displacement or metathesis reaction two compounds exchange bonds or ions in order to form different compounds.AB CD → AD CBAn example of a double displacement reaction occurs between sodium chloride and silver nitrate to form sodium nitrate and silver chloride.NaCl(aq) AgNO3(aq) → NaNO3(aq) AgCl(s) Acid-Base Reaction An acid-base reaction is a type of double displacement reaction that occurs between an acid and a base. The H ion in the acid reacts with the OH- ion in the base to form water and an ionic salt:HA BOH → H2O BAThe reaction between hydrobromic acid (HBr) and sodium hydroxide is an example of an acid-base reaction:HBr NaOH → NaBr H2O Combustion A combustion reaction is a type of redox reaction in which a combustible material combines with an oxidizer to form oxidized products and generate heat (exothermic reaction). Usually, in a combustion reaction oxygen combines with another compound to form carbon dioxide and water. An example of a combustion reaction is the burning of naphthalene:C10H8 12 O2 → 10 CO2 4 H2O Isomerization In an isomerization reaction, the structural arrangement of a compound is changed but its net atomic composition remains the same. Hydrolysis Reaction A hydrolysis reaction involves water. The general form for a hydrolysis reaction is:X-(aq) H2O(l) ↔  HX(aq) OH-(aq) The Main Reaction Types There are hundreds or even thousands of types of chemical reactions! If you are asked to name the main 4, 5 or 6 types of  chemical reactions, here is how they are  categorized. The main four types of reactions are direct combination, analysis reaction, single displacement, and double displacement. If youre asked the five main types of reactions, it is these four and then either acid-base or redox (depending who you ask). Keep in mind, a specific chemical reaction may fall into more than one category.

A model of how we should look at war Research Paper

A model of how we should look at war - Research Paper Example The severity of pains keeps him busy with himself, not giving him much scope to mull over the necessity of this painful reality. He cannot brood much over the philosophy why people need to involve in war because he himself is busy with it. On the contrary, the speaker in Tennyson’s poem sees war from a bird’s-eye point of view. The flaw (or limitation) in such a viewpoint is that it does not allow the speaker as well as the readers to experience the realities of war from within itself. Therefore, Tennyson’s speaker fails to view war as an unwanted reality. Being blindfolded by an undefined (it is undefined because he fails to define why he should call the soldiers glorious and honorable) idealism and by love and passion for one’s country, he tends to glorify war. Such an attempt of the speaker in Tennyson’s poem is often difficult to be sorted out from a fascist tendency to glorify one’s country’s involvement in a war, irrespective of the right and the wrong. Tennyson’s poem â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade† tells the story of the British soldiers’ courage and heroism in a disastrous military event in the beginning of the Crimean War. The six hundred soldiers of the Light Cavalry Brigade were moving forward in order to execute Lord Raglan’s order to defend the Russians from seizing their guns. But that was a blunder. As a result, most of the soldiers were killed in the fight. Despite the huge losses, Tennyson as well as some of contemporary authors glorified the courage and heroism of the soldiers in that war (Landow 23). Quite contrary to Tennyson’s stance about the British involvement in the Crimean War, Owen’s poem deals with dark aspects of the chemical attack of Germany during the First World War. The overwhelming massacre was induced by the use of chlorine gas, which â€Å"is a powerful irritant that can inflict damage to the eyes, nose, throat and lungs. At h igh concentrations and prolonged exposure it can cause death by asphyxiation† (Romano 23). The lethal effect of this gas on the health of the soldiers is further described by Sidell, Urbanetti, and Smith as follows: Internal and external bleeding and attacked the bronchial tubes, stripping off the mucous membrane. This was extremely painful and most soldiers had to be strapped to their beds. It usually took a person four to five weeks to die of mustard gas exposure. (4) Though both Tennyson and Owen failed to uphold war as a reality that still exists and though some people do not want it, Owen’s portrayal of war as a painful reality obviously provokes the readers to be more cautious while deciding whether human societies need war. On the other hand, Tennyson’s idealistic view of war can instigate any group, community and society to involve into war since people who are willing to fight can easily establish their own ideals. Amazingly, it is true that Tennysonâ₠¬â„¢s poem can be used to warm up soldiers in each of the parties involved in a war. The loyalty, the obedience and the courage, which the six hundred soldiers of the Light Brigade of the British Army show against the Russian soldiers in the War of Crimea, could be exemplary for even the Nazi soldiers. Therefore, Tennyson’

Personal Profile of Para Medical Officer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Profile of Para Medical Officer - Essay Example This attribute has helped me in overcoming the emotional trauma that is a norm of my field. I also think that it is a very fulfilling job because it gives me the opportunity to contribute towards the society in a positive sense. Working as a paramedic gives me self-satisfaction, because I feel important, by helping others. I have strong aspirations for future. I plan to introduce a service to patients that is effective and convenient. I believe that good diagnosis systems should be available for the patients; they are given proper treatment, which will help them in their recovery. In order to achieve this, it is very important for me, to have correct systems and knowhow about the management issues of the large medical facility, which I am lacking at this time, but I am learning and will accomplish this goal one day. Over my academic career, I have gathered basic knowledge in the field of paramedics. The focus of my studies has been on providing emergency medical service in case of road incidents. My stronghold on this field helps me in better decision making in volatile conditions, while placing a premium on emotional stability. I have also done practical training which has been very helpful in the development of the ambulatory skills that are needed in a healthcare career. This training was focused on ensuring fewer errors in future. What I found most challenging about my degree was learning English, because, it is not my native language. Therefore, I had to face a lot of problems in my degree because of it. But I had an interest in the medical field, so I had accepted this as a challenge and overcame it by discussing different concepts with experienced doctors on weekly basis. Another challenge that I had faced, was during my paramedic training, caused by witnessing the pain people go through in the case of tragedy, therefore it has taken me, a while before I had gotten acquainted with it.

Consumer Oriented Market Positioning Marketing Essay

Consumer Oriented Market Positioning Marketing Essay Dictionary meaning of Positioning is an act of putting something in some ones mind and in market we put our product in prospects mind. A very simple term and if you are good enough it is simple to execute but the art is hard to develop. It is the process by which marketers grab a position or built a position in target audience for its product, brand or organization. In this consumer oriented market Positioning is a tool to cut down the noise and establish a real contact with the customer who results in customers opting for your product rather than your competition. As todays customer is overwhelmed with unwanted promotion and advertising it becomes very tough for a product or brand to get noticed and after being noticed an urge to get opted as a first preference in target customers. Its all about mindshare you hold in prospects intellect, better you position yourself greater you achieve what is called as coveted mind share. A product or brand should always try to have an aggregate perception which is higher than that of its competitor and those who dont have that kind of percentage should not lose hope as they can very well influence the perception and position their brand through enlightened strategic alliance. Its an ongoing process and doesnt stops at one place because you may get forgotten by your audience so repositioning is needed or if there is any shift in your business for example Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley shifted from investment to commercial banks hence their expectations from investors, clients, employees and regulators all need to shift as per the paradigm and hence the organization needs to reposition itself. Primary elements of Positioning are: Quality. Quality is a pre -requisite, it has to be provided by any means and later should be backed by incentives. Back your quality claim with return policy warrantees and customer-friendly guarantees. Service. Added value in customer service and after sales supports and if the product is customized and personalized. Pricing. Whether is it luxury, averagely priced or cheap in its sector or very cheap. Distribution. The channel or distribution and supply chain is part of positioning. Packaging. Packaging helps in delivering the message you intend for prospect. Positioning can be distinguished by: Functional-Solve problems and provide benefits to customers. Symbolic-self image enhancement, ego identification, affective fulfilment and social meaningfulness Experiential-Sensory stimulation and cognitive stimulation What makes this market full of surprises and unquestioned answers that there is no certain way to be a leader in the market .Not even high level of marketing acumen of the company assures success and even while trying positioning, companies end up somewhere else in prospects mind and not the place where they intended. CURRENT MARKET SCENARIO OF SMART PHONES IN INDIA: Mumbai based Gartners research analyst say that smart phones are on the rise and with introduction of new phones in new software, better applications, features and reliable hardware has made it challenging for already established brands in different parts of the market. With the record annual growth of 30% for next five year it is very vital not only for smart phone vendors but also for operators, and OS developers. India being the 3rd largest market of smart phones after China and Brazil is seeing an intense struggle between various handset providers like Nokia, Samsung, LG, Black Berry, etc. with their tie-ups with different service providers and operators as well as focusing on the software platforms like iPhone OS, BlackBerry OS, Windows Mobile, Android, Symbian and Palms. In 2009 India witnessed sales of 69 million smart phone handsets, doubling from the 32 million mark reached in 2008. As far as global market is concerned ,Mr. Carolina Milanesi, research vice president at Gartner, mentioned that this year saw RIM, a pure smart phone maker making its debut in top 5 mobile devices manufacturers, as well as there was increase its market share of Apple by 1.2 percent points. Android-based phones saw a peak rise of 700 per cent year-on-year which is proving to be a threat to other smart phone makers Mobile devices market is seeing a double-digit growth of smart phone sales in mature markets, and helped by wider product availability as well as mass market price tags that are in budget of average income group. And particularly in India white -box products has shown growth as per expectation of the manufacturers with healthy traits in future. http://dqindia.ciol.com/images010/smartphones02_15aug2k10.jpg If all the Smartphone manufacturers are combined together they share total of 75% of the Smartphone market alone in India and rest 25 % is shared by smaller or followers in the market and the presence is hence insignificant comparatively. So in this year if we refer to the record in India more than 18 percent of the phones sold are Smartphone. [Supposed+mobile+data+market.gif] Trend in sales of Smart phones in India is firstly sales start with the early adopters in the beginning as shown at the right, and then as prices drop everyone switches to Smartphones replacing there old phones as they have limited features. In India target segmentation is done on various factors but researchers are also considering or rather already have segmented their target consumers into 3 types i.e. Entertainment users, Communications users and Information users. Now it has been observed that in these segments people pay more or extra for great solutions if their needs are matched in a particular segment. Many failures in mobile market are due to either focussing at a single specific problem or feature or by disrupting the whole package by adding all of it. Now the numbers of Smartphone are to be doubled by FY11 and this boom is there for upcoming years .Emergence of Smartphones was more in the form of service device rather than just another application based model which was the earlier trend shown by the OEMs. RIM blackberry services saw some mass adoption whereas OVI apps tried to create the same magic but performed average. Despite the variety Symbian has still the monopoly with 72%share in Indian market followed by windows, android and blackberry OS but in upcoming future trend Symbian may lose its market share to its competitors. POSITIONING OF BLACKBERRY SMARTPHONES IN INDIAN MARKET: In this dog-eat-dog world, positioning a brand is the biggest priority for a product or brand. Creating awareness and then fetching that special place for your brand in the consumers mind will be the key in determining the fate of the brand and if brand is becoming a l success or fading away to obscurity and especially in India, Blackberry has done some extensive research as it is one of the fastest growing telecom markets and within high competition has managed to take up a prestigious position settling just after Nokia in market share. Blackberry is following a simple rule of combining product and service benefits at a fair price that creates value in the minds of customers   which is the key variable for the success in handheld device market. And in the current climate of new entrants in this particular sector and ever increasing competition with very less differentiation among service-product offerings, these manufacturing companies are facing problem in clear communication what makes their offerings special better than those provided by the competitors. Value Proposition: Features that makes BlackBerry stand apart from rest of the players and clearly stating that quality is inevitable supported by Innovative design and iconic styling that blends optimum display and weight length ratio without compromising ease of use that users expect from their BlackBerry Unrivalled Connectivity with BB messenger application GSM/EDGE/ CDMA warranties and after sales service Built in GPS Engine Rich Internet and Multimedia Experience Full Page Internet Browsing Including support for streaming audio and video. Instant Messaging support for multiple communities including Yahoo!, Messenger, GoogleTalk Social networking communities including FaceBook, Flickr, Picasa On 25 Sep 2008, number of BlackBerry subscribers reached to approximately 19 million all over the world and the figures in India over these years are so high that they cannot be overlooked because company was able t identify customers requirement of accessing internet specifically emails and social networks on the move . In start BlackBerry placed itself in minds of corporate executives who are always on the run and with addition of social networking cites and various online applications, brand provided interfaces which also attracted youngsters out of the corporate outlook. Biggest eye-catching proposition flaunted by BlackBerry Smartphones was the idea of remaining connected at all times. So the first grand step was to position itself as an business executive handheld device which in turn helped in carving out niche for the brand without giving a head on collision with any of its top competitors which was the smartest move of all Hence BlackBerry became the Corporate Executive phone which was comparatively less famous in youngsters initially. Now the second way was to enter into non-corporate world of handheld devices where even the uncorporate wanted to be in connection or online with their friends and family all the time .And they came up with an excellent promotion stating as We are the BlackBerry boys which not only included suited up corporate but also baby boomers ,women of every age and cross cultural personnels who all enjoy using blackberry as they are in continuous synch with their work as well as connected to family and friends at the same time. Absolutely brilliant advertising with the pinch of great music and excellent humour banging right on the message brand wants to spread to the target consumers. Now the song We are the blackberry boys has been trending into minds of youngsters and BlackBerry lovers. It has left same effect on mass as Vodafone Zoo Zoos had done it during IPL. Blackberry first with the Pearl and Bold and now with the Storm and Torch is attempting a change in positioning and moving more towards the Lifestyle segment space. This can prove counterproductive for the company because it directly placing itself to its other bigger competitors and directly taking a head on collision in competition with Nokia, LG, Samsung and Apple I phone. In fact the handheld Smartphone models are being actively compared to models of other competitor for example Samsung galaxy, Apple iPhone and Nokia E series. But the real fight is between Apple and BlackBerry for capturing the lifestyle segment and taking the position of that perception in prospect customers. Now inspired by the advantage of continuous connectivity even if the operators are non functional has allowed along with the host many other manufacturing brands to enter with different applications in order to attract market audience and the argument is on offering of similar features (connectivity) along with a host of other value adding features by the other.. Now these were all physical features of Blackberry and the physical presence always lead to the cognitive, physical cues which in turn act as hints for the mind to form interpretations or in other words positions itself as a highly technical ,functional and great to use device. So far I personally believe Blackberry could strategy of positioning is slick and feature laden but in order to expand market the company tried to play with the emotional proposition saying: Do what you love and love what you do Now this tagline covers all the market sector a handheld manufacturing company wants to because everyone loves to do something and even if they BlackBerry its always a non-boring, happy and lovable moments during work hours. It emphasizes on the idea no matter how hard you do something as long as you love to do it and you have a Blackberry with you ,you will do it right. In one of the advertisements an Asian guy is on his bicycle roaming around seems like a courier guy and uses BlackBerry Torch but he is not a normal courier guy ,he is the current president of SanFrancisco Bike messenger association who is very busy in his work and BlackBerry helps him to be in contact with his family and friends ,manage his work, Blackberry GPS helps him on unknown roads and ways and in the end he loves what he does. Now this leaves a very big message in mind of prospect even if you are a leader an entrepreneur in your small world, business or community you need a blackberry support because even BlackBerry loves what you do.

My Father: No Ordinary Man Essay -- Personal Narrative, essay about my

My father was a great fan of Mark Twain. He had a couple of Twain quotes he loved to recite, and one in particular he liked to recite around me: "When I was a boy of fourteen, my father was so ignorant I could hardly stand to have the old man around. But when I got to be twenty-one, I was astonished at how much the old man had learned in seven years." I could never really think of dad as ignorant, even when I was fourteen. He was a walking encyclopedia, an encyclopedia I consulted daily. But he was an easy man to underestimate. In part this was because he was a great listener, and like all great listeners would rather hear than be heard. That was another one of his favorite Twain quotes: "Better to keep your mouth shut and be thought a fool than to open it and remove all doubt." But he was also easy to underestimate because he tended to underestimate himself. He would have been astonished, genuinely astonished, at the outpouring of love and admiration that has washed over our family in the last week. And there is enough of my father in me that I have been astonished as well. Friends of mine, some of whom I thought barely knew dad, have called or sent word from as far away as Vienna and Taipei to say that my father changed their life for the better. My oldest friend, who is now a mountain climber and a nature photographer, astonished me by saying he might never have becom... ...e Bailey couldn't see in the movie It's A Wonderful Life. George Bailey saw himself as a very ordinary man. And because he was a man of great intellect and potential, he sometimes saw his ordinary life as a kind of failure. It was not until the angel took him out of his own life and showed him the profound connections between his life and every other life in his community, that he was finally able to see himself for the hero that he was. My father was a George Bailey. And just as George's friends came together and emptied their pockets for him when he was in trouble, all of his friends joined together in a celebration of his life. I only wish he could have seen it, because he never would have believed it. My Father: No Ordinary Man Essay -- Personal Narrative, essay about my My father was a great fan of Mark Twain. He had a couple of Twain quotes he loved to recite, and one in particular he liked to recite around me: "When I was a boy of fourteen, my father was so ignorant I could hardly stand to have the old man around. But when I got to be twenty-one, I was astonished at how much the old man had learned in seven years." I could never really think of dad as ignorant, even when I was fourteen. He was a walking encyclopedia, an encyclopedia I consulted daily. But he was an easy man to underestimate. In part this was because he was a great listener, and like all great listeners would rather hear than be heard. That was another one of his favorite Twain quotes: "Better to keep your mouth shut and be thought a fool than to open it and remove all doubt." But he was also easy to underestimate because he tended to underestimate himself. He would have been astonished, genuinely astonished, at the outpouring of love and admiration that has washed over our family in the last week. And there is enough of my father in me that I have been astonished as well. Friends of mine, some of whom I thought barely knew dad, have called or sent word from as far away as Vienna and Taipei to say that my father changed their life for the better. My oldest friend, who is now a mountain climber and a nature photographer, astonished me by saying he might never have becom... ...e Bailey couldn't see in the movie It's A Wonderful Life. George Bailey saw himself as a very ordinary man. And because he was a man of great intellect and potential, he sometimes saw his ordinary life as a kind of failure. It was not until the angel took him out of his own life and showed him the profound connections between his life and every other life in his community, that he was finally able to see himself for the hero that he was. My father was a George Bailey. And just as George's friends came together and emptied their pockets for him when he was in trouble, all of his friends joined together in a celebration of his life. I only wish he could have seen it, because he never would have believed it.

The Importance of French Education for Engineers

French education for engineers is significantly different from that of the United States. This fact will be the topic of this paper as well as the sequencing of French education. There are four schools in France that provide for the bulk of the engineering education after high school. These are called National Instituts For Applied Sciences or INSA. These institutions are very comprehensive and high level. The National Instituts For Applied Sciences or INSA take students who have completed their secondary school studies and select them on the basis of their examination results and their academic records. The recruitment is highly selective. In 1991, 11,000 candidates with a science baccalaureat applied for about 1,200 places.[1] It is therefore obvious, that the INSAs attract students with a high level of scientific education in mathematics, physics and chemistry. The studies begin with a two-year basic study program in the Premier Cycle, which is comprised of general science courses in mathematics, physics, chemistry, mechanics and computer science. These courses are also complimented with courses in the Liberal Arts. The students who pass the first and second year exams are admitted to the Engineering Departments where they continue their studies for three additional years. This enables the students to specialize in nearly all the different engineering sciences: computer studies, mechanics, physics, chemistry and biochemistry. One original aspect of the INSAs is that, the number of students in a department can vary depending on the state of employment prospects. All the INSAs train their students according to the same principles and curricula as the other four institutions. The First cycle is a two-year program of common core classes that welcomes secondary school graduates. Its goal is to prepare students for entry into one of the Institute's specialized departments. The initial qualifications of those who apply for admission to INSA guarantee the high quality of the students: 80% of them graduate in 5 years and 5% in 6 years. [1] Engineering studies start concurrently with the first year of their training. After a two-year preparatory phase, the first cycle begins putting an ambitious regiment into place. The goal of this regiment is, first of all, to give students the common scientific, technical, and liberal arts training necessary for all departments. In order to achieve this goal, course work is divided into modules that are independent of each other. The second goal of the regiment is to encourage students to make the transition from high school student to a responsible higher level student with clearly defined professional goals. As a result of the quality of these different goals, the first cycle plays an important role in both engineering sciences as well as the liberal arts through both years. EURINSA is another two-year European first cycle in engineering studies that has, since 1991, been training European students (including French students) to be part of an international team. The scientific training, conducted in French but adapted to engineering students from different backgrounds (language abilities), allows the students to enroll in any one of the four INSAs in France or even in one of their European counter parts. The program is open to approximately 100 students (at each institution) of whom 1/3 are French, 1/3 are from other European countries, and 1/3 from Central and Eastern Europe.[3] The INSAs produce highly qualified engineers. There are some main differences between studying at an INSA and in the universities of the other European countries. One difference is that French students specialize only at the end of the first two years (the â€Å"Premier Cycle†). This form of training provides them with a vast scientific background, which guarantees a good overall training in the engineering sciences. This method also allows them to change their area of concentration, if necessary during the course of their career. As the INSAs and the â€Å"Grandes Ecoles† are highly selective, very few students drop out during the Premier Cycle whereas, in the traditional university system, there is a high dropout rate or at least a decision to change their course of study. Unlike the University system, the students at an INSA have many general courses. Although all European countries announce a training scheme which lasts approximately 5 years, the fact that attendance is not 100% and that students are permitted to repeat years, means that becoming a qualified engineer could take two or three years longer.[3] Engineering training fields and engineer status differ widely among countries. In other European Countries as well as the United States for example, the seemingly simple problem of correspondence among degrees, not to mention equivalence, is far from being solved, and the notion of harmonizing the numerous systems does not seem realistic. Educational system's specification's are deeply rooted in the country's culture, industry and economy. Large discrepancies appear in Europe between: kinds of high-school studies and their length before college entrance, means of student recruitment, length of training (in terms of number of years of study), degree awarding, academic recognition, professional recognition, etc. In many countries, two engineer profiles coexist: a design engineer with a broad background training, and a production and application engineer. For each profile, there are nevertheless important national particulars. With such diversity, one may understand why a foreign candidate admission in a French engineering college does not assume automatic level equivalence rules. Instead results from various factors: number of study years, major and minor fields of studies, major projects, etc. Therefore, there is only one European general objective in this area, dealing with recognizing degrees obtained after at least three higher education years. These are valued for entrance in professions having regulated access. Because of this definite lack of equivalence standards, Europeans have decided to develop student and professional mobility by recognizing and validating studies engaged in at colleges in other countries . This process has strongly developed in some cases, through the development of programs leading to double degrees, or through the E.C.T.S. project (European Credit Transfer System), based on academic credits which are transferable within higher education institutions of the European Union.[3] Institutions wishing to participate in E.C.T.S., particularly those following non-university framework, must make great efforts to adapt. They have to reorganize their training programs or curriculum with credit hours and they have to use a universal grading scale. The University of Technology of Compiegne (UTC) was the first French engineering school to engage in ECTS in the field of mechanical engineering. Other schools, like INSA of Lyon have more recently done the same. Apart from this very structured system, recognition of study periods among institutions from several countries appears more and more to be an essential component of an international open policy. Partnership agreements exist also with American universities, for instance between the Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine and Kansas State University and University of Wisconsin at Madison. Developing this practice and expanding the student exchanges depends on firm relationships between foreign schools. A new attitude has developed, where one takes notice of differences between systems, without making value judgements. Thus, these new relations are creating more awareness of the equivalence problem and providing better methods for rectification. The École Polytechnique constitutes the â€Å"graduate schools.† It takes 2 to 3 years of study and, in 1993, there were 46,000 students enrolled in the second cycle.[3] Each year, the École Polytechnique admits slightly more than 400 students into the Second Cycle, via traditional competitive examinations.[4] These students are of both sexes, may be either French or foreign, and are approximately 21 years old. The instructional program for the Second Cycle consists of two years of advanced courses in the fundamental sciences. The program is evenly divided between a core curriculum, and an elective curriculum that includes individual research projects. All students follow the core curriculum, which includes courses in pure and applied mathematics, computer science, mechanics, physics, chemistry, biology and economics. The core curriculum also includes courses in the humanities and social sciences, as well as in several modern languages. Upon successful completion of these two years, students are awarded the diploma of Ingenieur de l'École Polytechnique. Relatively few of them begin their careers upon graduation. The vast majority of graduates choose to follow their studies with specialized training in engineering or business administration, or with the preparation of a doctoral degree. The French nationals, in view of the obligations of their status as polytechniciens, may choose to pursue technical training in France, at one of its engineering schools (such as the École des Mines, the École des Ponts et Chaussees, or the École des Telecommunications) They complete their last two years of education, and receive the corresponding Diplome d'Ingenieur. Since 1996, French nationals have undertaken such training at foreign institutions, in Europe, America or Asia: they have a choice among 100 different instructional programs, at 29 foreign institutions, leading to an Engineering degree or a Masters of Applied Science or Engineering, depending on the institution selected.[3] These programs generally require between two and two and a half years. Special arrangements with the École facilitate admission to some of these institutions. After research training in France or at a foreign university, engineering school, or public or private research center, approximately four years, they obtain a doctoral degree, a Ph.D. or a similar degree in a basic or applied science. For business studies abroad, after several years of practical experience, they earn an MBA degree at one of seven institutions. Foreign students may undertake specialized training or prepare dissertations at institutions of their choice, including, of course, their home institutions. The past shows, however, that they tend to favor the programs offered to their French classmates. In any case, the École attempts to arrange that the two years of study at Palaiseau be properly validated in the programs of the students' home universities. Foreign students are entitled to the same agreements as those offered to French nationals. The École Polytechnique's Second Cycle in the fundamental sciences together with a specialization acquired at another first class institution, represents a training that is proving to be in particular demand in today's economic market place. Indeed, each year large corporations come forward with expressions of their needs and suggestions as to where they believe the necessary applied training may best be obtained.

Essay on The Causes of the Civil War - 1496 Words

The Causes of the Civil War In 1642, Civil War broke out in England, Parliament against the King. Civil War is said to be the worst kind of war because it is when a country fights against itself and unfortunately, this was the case in England. Many familys were torn apart and many people were killed but how had this happened? How had a great country gone so low that they would have to fight themselves? How had England gone into Civil War? This is what we are going to find out. King Charles got off to a bad start. England was a protestant country and so, you would expect him to marry a protestant, but he did not. Charles married Henrietta Maria, a French Catholic, in 1625. This was bad†¦show more content†¦He ruled without them for 11years, until 1640. Some say that Britain was happy during this time and others say that Charles polices, his taxes and religious reforms, during this time made him very unpopular and were one of the main reasons why we had Civil War. I am for Charles but I think this was a bad move. Here are Charles policies: Money- Charles had to find a new method of raising money and one method he used was Ship Money. This tax was usually paid by coastal counties in time of war to improve the navy. In 1634, Charles started asking coastal counties for ship money even though the navy didnt need any improvements and it wasnt time of war and in 1635, Ship Money was taken from inland counties too. It looked like Charles wanted this tax to become permanent even though it was very unpopular but people paid it and Charles got his money so, to him, the ship money tax was successful! Religion- Charles and Archbishop Laud started making changes to the Church of England in 1630. They said they were trying to improve it but lots of people, particularly the puritans, thought they were trying to turn their Protestant church into a Catholic one and the fact that Charles wife was Catholic didnt help! Archbishop Laud and King Charles started decorating the churches and thought that this would make the people feel closer to god and theyShow MoreRelatedCauses of the Civil War951 Words   |  4 PagesCAUSE OF THE CIVIL WAR In 1860, the world s greatest nation was locked in Civil War. The war divided the country between the North and South. There were many factors that caused this war, but the main ones were the different interpretations of the Constitution by the North and South, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the arrival of Lincoln in office. These factors were very crucial in the bringing upon of the destruction of the Union. They caused immediate war. In 1791, the tenth amendment wasRead MoreThe Causes Of The Civil War1016 Words   |  5 Pages In 1861, a Civil War broke out in the United States when the South declared their independence from the Union.  There is a great amount of reasons that people can argue how the Civil War was started. 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